Ukupakishwa Kwesimo Sezulu Esiguquliwe (i-MAP): Izingxube Zegesi Zokulondolozwa Kokudla

Ukupakishwa Kwesimo Sezulu Okuguquliwe(MAP) iyindlela yokulondoloza lapho umoya wemvelo ngaphakathi kwephakeji ushintshwa khona ngengxube elawulwayo yamagesi – ngokuvamile i-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide, ne-nitrogen – ukugcina ukudla kusha isikhathi eside. Ngokunciphisa ijubane lezinqubo zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji eziholela ekonakalisweni, i-MAP ingandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini. Ezimweni eziningi, yandisa ubusha ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kahlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nokupakishwa komoya okujwayelekile. Lokhu kuqina okude akugcini nje ngokunciphisa imfucuza yokudla kodwa futhi kusekela ukusatshalaliswa kwebanga elide futhi kuvame ukuvumela abaprosesa ukuthi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezilondolozi.

Izindima Zokusebenza Zegesi Ngayinye Ku-MAP

Igesi ngayinye engxubeni ye-MAP inikela ngomsebenzi othize:

• I-oksijini (O₂)
I-oksijini isekela umbala kanye nokusha ezinhlotsheni eziningana zokudla. Inyama ebomvu, isibonelo, igcina umbala wayo obomvu okhanyayo we-oxymyoglobin uma ivezwa emazingeni aphezulu e-oksijini, ngokuvamile cishe u-70-80%. Ezithelo nemifino, inani elincane le-oksijini (cishe u-2-5%) lisetshenziselwa ukusekela ukuphefumula kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, i-oksijini eningi isheshisa ukubola kwamafutha futhi inciphise isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwayo kumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela.

• I-Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
I-carbon dioxide isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengegesi yokulwa namagciwane. Lapho i-CO₂ incibilika emswakama ebusweni bomkhiqizo, yakha i-carbonic acid ebuthakathaka esiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta esonakele. Izingxube ze-MAP zivame ukuthembela ku-20–30% CO₂. Amazinga aphezulu angandisa isikhathi sokuphila kweshelufu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-CO₂ imuncwa ekudleni, ingabangela ukuwohloka kwephakeji ngaphandle kokuthi ilinganiswe ne-nitrogen.

• I-nitrogen (N₂)
I-nitrogen ayisebenzi futhi ayisabelani nokudla. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukususa umoya-mpilo nokugcina isakhiwo sephakheji, ikakhulukazi lapho i-CO₂ imuncwa umkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile yenza iphesenti elisele lengxube yegesi (ngokuvamile i-50–80%) uma amazinga e-O₂ ne-CO₂ esethiwe.

Ngokufigqiwe:

•O₂kulondoloza umbala nokuphefumula,
•CO₂kuvimbela ukukhula kwama-microbial,
•N₂inikeza ivolumu kanye nokuzinza.

Ukudla okuhlukene kudinga izilinganiso ezahlukene zala magesi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi.

Inyama eluhlaza kanye nezinkukhu

Inyama Ebomvu Eluhlaza

Inyama ebomvu entsha, njengenyama yenkomo, imvu, kanye nengulube – ngokuvamile incike ku-MAP ene-oxygen ephezulu. Amaphakethe okuthengisa kanye nawokuthengisa ngobuningi avame ukusebenzisa ingxube ye-65% O₂kanye ne-CO35%₂Ukuba khona komoya-mpilo okunamandla kugcina inyama ibomvu ngokugqamile, kuyilapho i-CO₂ isiza ekukhuleni kancane kwebhaktheriya ye-aerobic. Kwezinye izimo, abakhiqizi bangase banciphise umoya-mpilo cishe ngo-5% ukuze bathole isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphila. Noma iyiphi indawo eseleyo ngokuvamile iba yi-nitrogen noma ishiywe iseduze ne-vacuum.

Inkukhu eluhlaza

Izinyoni zezinkukhu nezezilwane zasendle (inkukhu, i-turkey, i-pheasant) ngokuvamile azidingi umoya-mpilo ephaketheni. Ingxube ejwayelekile iwukuba0% O₂, cishe i-CO3 engu-30%₂, kanye no-70% N₂Ngenxa yokuthi inyama yenkukhu inombala okhanyayo ngokwemvelo, umoya-mpilo awufaki isandla ekubukekeni. I-CO₂ inikeza ukulawula amagciwane, kuyilapho i-nitrogen iqinisekisa ukuthi iphakethe ligcina isimo salo. Abanye abakhiqizi abakhulu basebenzisaI-CO100%₂ukuze kulondolozwe kakhulu.

Okubalulekile:

•Inyama ebomvu izuza ngokuxubana okune-oxygen ephezulu ukuze igcine umbala.
•Izinkukhu zigcinwa kangcono ngeCO₂/N₂ingxube engenawo umoya-mpilo.

Ukuhlolwa kunconywa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe okokugcina.

Inhlanzi Entsha Nokudla Kwasolwandle

Ukwakheka kwe-MAP okuhle kakhulu kuncike kakhulu ekutheni inhlanzi ayinamafutha amaningi noma ayinamafutha amaningi.

Inhlanzi Eluhlaza Enamafutha Aphansi Nezinhlanzi Eziqinile

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezimhlophe (i-cod, i-haddock, i-bass) kanye nezinhlanzi eziningi (ama-shrimp, ama-mussel, ama-scallop) zivame ukusetshenziswa30% O₂, 40% CO₂, kanye no-30% N₂. I-oksijini isiza ukugcina umbala wemvelo, i-CO₂ yehlisa umsebenzi wamagciwane, futhi i-N₂ igcwalisa isikhala esisele. Uma kuthunyelwa ngobuningi obukhulu noma kuqandisiwe, amaprosesa angashintshela ku-70% CO₂/ 30% N₂ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside.

Inhlanzi eluhlaza enamafutha amaningi

Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha njenge-salmon, i-tuna, i-mackerel, kanye ne-sardine zigcwelengaphandle komoya-mpilongoba amafutha abo ancibilika ngokushesha kakhulu. Ingxube evamile ye-MAP40% CO₂kanye no-60% N₂Abanye abakhiqizi bandisa i-CO₂ ibe ngu-50–70% ukuze bathole isivikelo esengeziwe. I-salmon edayiswayo ivame ukusebenzisa40/60 CO₂/N₂, kuyilapho i-tuna ingasebenzisa i-CO₂ engu-30–40% kanye ne-nitrogen eyakha ibhalansi. Amaphakethe amaningi ngezinye izikhathi asebenzisa70% CO₂/ 30% N₂.

Isifinyezo:

•Ukudla kwasolwandle okungenamafutha kuvame ukusetshenziswa~30% O₂,
•Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha zithembele kakhulu ku-CO₂/N₂izingxube ezine0% umoya-mpilo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuxutshwe kanjani, i-MAP ihlala isebenza kahle kakhulu ngokulawulwa okufanele kwe-cold-chain.

Inyama Ephekiwe Neyomisiwe, Inhlanzi, Nezinkukhu

Uma inyama noma inhlanzi isiphekiwe noma isilungisiwe, umbala uyaqina futhi umgomo ushintshela ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwesikhunta kanye namagciwane.

Inyama Ephekiwe Noma Elungisiwe

Izinto ezifana ne-ham, amasoseji, ne-salami zivame ukusetshenziswaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi noma zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, abaprosesa bangase bakhuphule i-CO₂ ku-50% CO₂/ 50% N₂I-oxygen igcinwa ku-zero.

Inhlanzi Ebhemayo Noma Elashiwe

I-salmon ebhemayo kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo ivame ukusebenzisaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂emathileyi okuthengisa. Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside,70/30 CO₂/N₂ingxube ingasetshenziswa.

Izinkukhu Eziphekiwe/Ezilungisiwe

Imikhiqizo yenkukhu noma yenkukhu eqoshiwe ecutshunguliwe ilandela indlela efanayo:

•Ukuthengisa:I-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂
•Ubuningi:70% CO₂/ 30% N₂

Kuwo wonke lo mkhakha, umoya-mpilo uhlala njalo0%.

Ukudla Okulungile Nokudla Okuhlanganisiwe

Ukudla okulungisiwe njengezitsha ze-pasta, izitshulu, noma ama-pizza ngokuvamile kuvalwe nge-IMAPHU engenawo umoya-mpiloIngxube evame kakhulu yileI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂. Ngokuthumela noma ukugcina isikhathi eside, abaprosesa bangakhetha50% CO₂/ 50% N₂.

Lezi zingxube zinciphisa ukukhula kwamagciwane engxubeni yezithako. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla okulungele kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, izilinganiso zokuqala zisetshenziswa njengezinkomba futhi kumele ziqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa.

Imikhiqizo yePasta kanye neBheki

I-Pasta Entsha

I-pasta entsha, engaphekiwe (njenge-ravioli, ama-noodle, noma i-tortellini) ivame ukupakishwa ngaphansi kwe-50% CO₂/ 50% N₂ingxube. I-oksijini igwenywa ngokuphelele.

Imikhiqizo Yebhikawozi

Isinkwa, amabhanisi, ama-tortilla, namakhekhe ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ku-50% CO₂/ 50% N₂ezitolo. Ukuze kusatshalaliswe ngobuningi, i-CO₂ ingakhuphuka iye ku-70%(70% CO₂ / 30% N₂). I-nitrogen ivimbela ukupakishwa ukuthi kungawi, kuyilapho i-CO₂ ivimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta. I-oksijini ihlala iseduze no-zero ukuvimbela ukuguga noma ukubola.

Ushizi (Oqinile, Othambile, Ogayiwe)

Ushizi Oqinile Noma Omdala

Imikhiqizo efana neParmesan noma iCheddar endala ivame ukupakishwa nge-I-CO100%₂noma ivalwe nge-vacuum. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ekucindezeleni isikhunta.

Ushizi Othambile Nosikiwe

Ushizi okhilimu, i-Brie, ushizi we-cottage, kanye ne-mozzarella eqoshiwe kusetshenziswa njaloI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂I-nitrogen iqinisa ukupakishwa, kuyilapho i-CO₂ inciphisa ukukhula kwamagciwane.

Isifinyezo:

•Ushizi oqinile →I-CO100%₂
•Ushizi othambile noqoshiwe →I-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂

Imifino, Amasaladi, Nezithelo

Imikhiqizo Emisha Ephelele

Izithelo nemifino ephelele ngokuvamile kudinga ibhalansi ebucayi esekela ukuphefumula ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukonakala. Ingxube ejwayelekile ye-MAP iwukuba5% O₂, 5% CO₂, kanye no-90% N₂. Le ndawo engenawo umoya-mpilo omningi inciphisa ukuphefumula kanye nokuba nsundu. Le ngxube isetshenziswa kabanzi kumasaladi, imifino enamaqabunga, amajikijolo, kanye nezithelo ezisikiwe.

Imifino Ephekiwe Noma Enqunyiwe

Imifino elungisiwe iziphatha ngendlela efanayo nokudla okulungisiwe. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂ngaphandle komoya-mpilo. Le ndlela isebenza kahle ezintweni ezifana namasaladi amazambane noma izitsha zemifino exubile.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko:

Imikhiqizo emisha idinga inani elincane lomoya-mpilo (~5%), kuyilapho imifino ephekiwe incike ku-CO₂ ephezulu (~30%).

Ukudla Okuomisiwe

Izinto ezomisiwe njengekhofi, amantongomane, ukudla okulula, itiye, izinongo, nofulawa ngokuvamile zivalwa nge-100% N₂I-nitrogen ivimbela ukubola futhi yandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwayo.

Ukukhetha Imishini Yemephu (i-DJPACK)

Ukuxuba igesi ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe i-MAP ngempumelelo. I-DJPACK (i-Wenzhou Dajiang) ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithiyeli ze-MAP ezenzelwe ukuhlanza igesi ngendlela enembile. Ithebula eliphezuluI-DJT-400Gkanye nokuma phansiI-DJL-400Vziyakwazi ukuletha isilinganiso se-O₂/CO₂/N₂ esihambisanayo ngokwezidingo zokudla okuhlukene–kusukela enyameni entsha kuya ekudleni okulungele noma amasaladi. Siphinde sibe namamodeli amaningana afanela izidingo zakho. Uma unentshisekelo ngemishini yethu, sicela uchofoze okuthi “Imikhiqizo→Imishini Yokupakisha Yomoya Eguquliwe"Inkinobho" ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

Njengoba inesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 emishinini yokupakisha, imishini ye-DJPACK isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabacubunguli ku-IYurophu, i-Australia, Ai-siakanye nezinye izimakethe ezithuthukisiweKungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhasimende lidinga isilinganiso sini segesi, imishini yethu ingasifinyelela, futhi ukunemba kokuxuba igesi kuhlala kuphezulu njalo.99%. OurImishini ye-MAP yokufaka esikhundleni se-vacuum ihlala inamathela cishe99.5%.

Ukuphepha, Ukuhlolwa, kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi

Izilinganiso ze-MAP ziyiziqondiso - hhayi imithetho engaguquki. Ukusebenza kwangempela kuncike ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, izinto zokupakisha, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezimo zokugcina. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, wonke umprosesa kufanele enze izivivinyo zangempela zesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube ye-MAP ekhethiwe ifinyelela imiphumela ehlosiwe.

Izindlela zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi njengokuthola ukuvuza kanye nokuhlaziywa kwegesi endaweni engaphambili zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ngisho nokuvuza okuncane kungalimaza umoya ngaphakathi kwephakheji. I-MAP kufanele isetshenziswe njalo kanye nemikhuba efanele yokubanda, inhlanzeko, kanye nokuphathwa kwayo.

Isixwayiso:

Izilinganiso zegesi kulo mhlahlandlela ziyizindawo zokuqala eziphakanyisiwe. Qinisekisa njalo izingxube ngokuhlolwa komkhiqizo.

Isiphetho

Ukupakishwa Kwesimo Sezulu Okuguquliwe kuvumela abakhiqizi bokudla ukuthi banciphise ukonakala ngokushintsha indawo engaphakathi kwephakheji. I-oksijini isiza ukugcina umbala, i-carbon dioxide icindezela ukukhula kwamagciwane, futhi i-nitrogen izinzisa iphakethe. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso eziboniswe eshadini lokuxuba igesi, abaprosesa bangakhetha izingxube ezifanele zokuqala zenyama, ukudla kwasolwandle, ushizi, imifino, izinto zokubhaka, ukudla okulungele, nokuningi.

I-MAP isebenza kahle kakhulu uma ihambisana nemishini enembile kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile. Uma isetshenziswa kahle, iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlala iyintsha, iphephile, futhi ilungele imakethe - isekela izintambo zokuphakelwa ezinde ngenkathi inciphisa imfucuza.

Izincomo ezikulesi sihloko zifingqa imikhuba evamile yemboni kanye neziqondiso zesayensi. Izilungiselelo zokugcina ze-MAP kufanele zisekelwe njalo ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo wekhasimende ngalinye kanye nezidingo zokugcina.